고분자의 기계적 성질 강화하는 방법

KR20040070397A - 기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법 - Google Patents

기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법 Download PDF

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Publication numberKR20040070397A KR20040070397A KR1020030006590A KR20030006590A KR20040070397A KR 20040070397 A KR20040070397 A KR 20040070397A KR 1020030006590 A KR1020030006590 A KR 1020030006590A KR 20030006590 A KR20030006590 A KR 20030006590A KR 20040070397 A KR20040070397 A KR 20040070397AAuthorityKRSouth KoreaPrior art keywordscarbon fiberozonereinforced compositecomposite materialtreatedPrior art date 2003-02-03Application numberKR1020030006590AOther languages English (en) Other versions KR100513960B1 (koInventor박수진이재락오진석Original Assignee한국화학연구원Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)2003-02-03Filing date2003-02-03Publication date2004-08-09 2003-02-03 Application filed by 한국화학연구원 filed Critical 한국화학연구원 2003-02-03 Priority to KR10-2003-0006590A priority Critical patent/KR100513960B1/ko 2004-08-09 Publication of KR20040070397A publication Critical patent/KR20040070397A/ko 2005-09-13 Application granted granted Critical 2005-09-13 Publication of KR100513960B1 publication Critical patent/KR100513960B1/ko

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229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ozone Chemical compound 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[O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butanone Chemical compound 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CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000002730 additional Effects 0.000 description 1
238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins

Abstract

본 발명은 기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유에 고분자 수지 용액을 함침시키는 것을 포함하는 본 발명의 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법에 따르면, 표면처리되지 않은 탄소섬유를 사용하여 제조된 종래의 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료에 비해 기계적 물성이 우수한 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료를 수득할 수 있다.

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KR20040070397A - 기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법 - Google Patents
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Description

기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법{A METHOD FOR PREPARING A CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE HAVING AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL PROPERTY}

본 발명은 기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 구체적으로는 보강재인 탄소섬유의 표면을 오존으로 처리한 후 사용함으로써 기계적 물성이 향상된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.

탄소섬유 강화 복합재료(carbon fibers-reinforced composites)는 우주항공 산업과 핵 및 일반 기술과 관련된 고기술 분야, 및 베어링, 기어, 캠, 자동차 동체 등과 같은 운송 분야에서 주로 사용되어져 왔으며, 최근에는 그 응용 범위가 21세기 산업의 주축분야인 자동차, 산업 및 건축용 구조재료, 레저스포츠 용품 분야 등에까지도 확대되고 있어 유망한 신소재로서 주목받고 있다.

이러한 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 최종 기계적 물성은 섬유 또는 매트릭스 각각의 고유 물성에 의해 좌우되지만, 이들 상호간의 계면특성에 의해서도 크게 결정된다고 알려져 있다. 일반적으로, 표면처리하지 않은 탄소섬유를 그대로 이용한 복합재료는 낮은 층간계면강도 (ILSS) 및 충격강도를 갖게 되는데, 이는 섬유나 매트릭스 사이의 약한 접착 및 결합에 기인한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 따라 매트릭스의 개질과 함께 탄소섬유를 표면처리함으로써 탄소섬유 표면의 표면적과 관능기를 증가시켜 탄소섬유와 매트릭스 사이의 계면 결합력을 향상시키는 방법이 사용되고 있다(S. J. Park, in "Interfacial Forces and Fields: Theory and Applications", Chap. 9, Marcel Dekker, New York (1999) 및 L. Weitzsacker, etal.,Surf. Interface Anal.,

, 53-63 (1997)).

지금까지 알려진 탄소섬유의 표면처리 방법은 크게 산화적 방법과 비산화적 방법으로 분류될 수 있는데, 산화적 방법에는 기상산화, 화학적 또는 전기화학적 방법을 사용한 액상산화, 및 촉매적 산화 방법이 있다. 비산화적 방법은 탄소섬유보다 더 활성화된 형태를 탄소섬유에 함침(deposition)시키는 것으로, 휘스키화(whiskerization) 방법, 열분해성 탄소(pyrolytic carbon)의 함침 또는 고분자의 그래프팅(grafting) 방법 등이 알려져 있다.

이에 본 발명자들은 기계적 물성이 보다 개선된 탄소섬유 복합재료를 제조하기 위해 계속 연구를 진행한 결과, 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유를 사용하여 탄소섬유 복합재료를 제조함으로써 본 발명을 완성하게 되었다.

이에 따라, 본 발명의 목적은 기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법을 제공하는데 있다.

도 1은 본 발명에 따라 오존 처리된 탄소섬유 표면의 오존 처리시간에 따른 XPS 측량 스캔 스펙트럼 분석결과를 나타낸 것이고,

도 2는 본 발명에 따라 오존 처리된 탄소섬유 표면의 오존 처리시간에 따른 FT-IR(적외선 분광분석) 스펙트럼 분석결과를 나타낸 것이고,

도 3은 본 발명에 따라 오존 처리된 탄소섬유의 표면처리시간에 따른 탄소섬유의 표면자유에너지 변화를 나타낸 것이고,

도 4은 본 발명에 따른 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료 및 기존의 양극산화 표면처리 방법(전기화학적 처리)에 의해 표면처리된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 층간전단강도(ILSS) 특성을 비교하여 나타낸 것이고,

도 5는 본 발명에 따른 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료 및 기존의 양극산화 표면처리 방법(전기화학적 처리)에 의해 표면처리된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 층간파괴인성(GIIC) 특성을 비교하여 나타낸 것이다.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명에서는 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유에 고분자 수지 용액을 함침시키는 것을 포함하는, 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법을 제공한다.

이하 본 발명을 하기에 상세히 설명한다.

<탄소섬유의 표면처리>

탄소섬유의 표면처리 공정으로서, 우선, 탄소섬유 표면에 존재하는 불순물을 제거하기 위하여, 탄소섬유를 세척하고, 원심분리기를 이용하여 증류수와 탄소섬유를 분리하는 공정을 수회 반복하고 건조시킨 후, 표면 불순물이 제거된 탄소섬유를 1 내지 20 ㎎/ℓ 농도의 오존으로 0.5 내지 200 분 동안처리함으로써 표면처리된 탄소섬유를 제조할 수 있다. 이 때 사용되는 오존은 탄소섬유의 표면에 산성관능기의 도입을 도와주는 작용을 하는데, 기타 다른 가스, 예를 들어 불소보다 산성관능기의 도입을 많이 유도시킴으로써 염기성 수지와의 산·염기 상호작용에 의한 결합력을 증가시켜 층간전단강도 및 층간파괴인성 같은 기계적 물성의 증가를 나타낸다. 오존 농도가 1 ㎎/ℓ 미만인 경우에는 오존 처리의 효과를 얻을 수 없고, 20 ㎎/ℓ를 초과하는 경우에는 초과처리량에 대한 추가 효과를 수득할 수 없다.

본 발명에서 사용되는 탄소섬유로는 일반 탄소섬유를 모두 사용할 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 일방향 탄소섬유를 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명에서 일방향 탄소섬유란 한쪽 방향으로 배열된 장섬유 형태의 탄소섬유를 의미한다.

<탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조>

본 발명에서 사용되는 고분자 수지로는, 탄소섬유와 산-염기 반응을 일으킬 수 있는 수지가 모두 사용될 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 에폭시 수지와 같은 열경화성 수지가 사용될 수 있다. 상기 고분자 수지는 예를 들어, 메틸 에틸 케톤(MEK)과 같은 유기용매에 희석시킴으로써 고분자 수지의 점도를 낮춰서 사용할 수 있으며, 이 때 용매는 고분자 수지의 약 20 중량%의 양으로 사용할 수 있다.

본 발명에 따른 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료는, 열경화성 고분자 수지 용액을 상기에서 수득된, 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유에 함침시켜 프리프레그(prepreg)를 제조하고, 수득된 프리프레그를 균일하게 적층하고, 진공하에서 열경화시킴으로써 제조될 수 있다.

상기 열경화성 고분자 수지 용액에는 열경화성 수지와 경화제가 대략 1 : 1의 당량비로 포함될 수 있으며, 경화제로는 당분야에 공지된 모든 것을 사용할 수 있다.

상기 프리프레그를 경화시키는 공정은, 150 내지 180 ℃의 온도에서 수행되는 것이 바람직하며, 이는 사용되는 열경화성 고분자 수지의 경화온도와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 즉, 프레프레그의 경화 공정은 사용되는 고분자 수지의 경화온도 범위에서 수행될 수 있다.

상기 복합재료 중의 열경화성 고분자 수지와 탄소섬유의 사용비율은 복합재료 용도에 따라 적절히 조절될 수 있다.

본 발명의 방법에 따라 제조된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료는, 표면처리되지 않은 탄소섬유를 이용한 종래의 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료에 비해 층간전단강도 및 층간파괴인성 같은 기계적 계면 특성이 우수하다.

이하 본 발명을 하기 실시예에 의하여 좀더 상세하게 설명하고자 한다. 단, 하기 실시예는 본 발명을 예시하기 위한 것일 뿐 본 발명의 범위가 이들만으로 한정되는 것은 아니다.

하기 제조예 및 실시예에 따른 오존 처리된 탄소섬유 및 이를 이용한 탄소섬유 복합재료의 물리적 특성은 다음과 같이 측정하였고, 각 측정은 25℃에서 10회 수행하여 그 평균값을 구하였으며, 그 결과는 표 1, 및 도 1 내지 4에 나타내었다.

(1) 탄소섬유 표면의 산·염기도 분석 : 보엠(Boehm)법

(2) 탄소섬유의 표면관능기 측정

오존처리된 탄소섬유 표면특성은 적외선 분광분석 (Fourier Transformation Infra Red(FT-IR), Digilab FTS-165 분광계) 스펙트럼과 XPS(LAB MK-II; VG Scientific Co.)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 때 XPS 분석에 사용된 X-선 공급원(source)로는 MgKα을 사용하였으며, 챔버(chamber) 내의 압력은 10-1~ 10-9torr로 조절하였다. 또한, KRS-5 반사부재(reflection element)가 부착된 FT-IR을 이용하여 파장 400 ~ 4000 cm-1의 범위에서 스펙트럼을 분석하였다.

(3) 표면자유에너지

탄소섬유의 접촉각은 K-12 처리 장력계(processor tensiometer, Krss Co.)를 사용하여 위킹(wicking) 방법으로 측정하였으며, 섬유로 채워진 충전관을 액체와 접촉시켜 시간에 따라 다공성 필터를 통해 충전층 내로 젖어 올라가는 액체의 적심 질량을 측정하였다.

(4) 기계적 계면특성

① 층간파괴인성(GIIC)

STM D5528에 의거, 모드 II 가장자리-노치 굴곡(Mode II end-notch flexure, ENF) 방법으로 상온에서 만능시험기(universal testing machine, Lloyd사, LR5K)를 이용하여 스판과의 거리(span-to-depth)의 비가 16 : 1이고, 크로스헤드(cross-head) 속도가 2 mm/min-1인 조건에서 측정하였다.

② 층간전단강도 (ILSS)

ASTM A2344에 의거 상온에서 만능시험기를 사용하여 스판과의 거리의 비가 16 : 1이고, 크로스헤드 속도가 2 mm/min-1인 조건에서 측정하였다.

제조예 1

탄소섬유의 표면에 존재하는 불순물을 제거하기 위해, 탄소섬유를 증류수로 세척하고, 원심분리기를 이용하여 증류수와 탄소섬유를 분리하는 공정을 3회 반복실시한 후, 건조오븐에 넣고 완전히 건조시켰다. 건조시킨 탄소섬유를 무성방전법에 의하여 오존을 발생시키는 오조니아의 LAB 2B를 이용하여 30 분간 처리하여 오존으로 처리된 탄소섬유를 수득하였다. 이 때, 오존 발생량은 8 g/hr으로 유지시켜 오존의 농도를 8 mg/ℓ로 하였다. 이렇게 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유의 표면을 XPS 측량 스캔(survey scan) 스펙트럼 및 FT-IR(Fourier Transformation Infra Red) 스펙트럼 분석 결과를 각각 도 1 및 2에 나타내었다.

제조예 2

오존 처리시간을 60분으로 하는 것을 제외하고는, 제조예 1과 동일한 방법으로 오존 처리된 탄소섬유를 수득하였다.

제조예 3

오존 처리시간을 120분으로 하는 것을 제외하고는, 제조예 1과 동일한 방법으로 오존 처리된 탄소섬유를 수득하였다.

제조예 4

오존 처리시간을 180분으로 하는 것을 제외하고는, 제조예 1과 동일한 방법으로 오존 처리된 탄소섬유를 수득하였다.

비교제조예 1

표면을 오존으로 처리하지 않은 것을 제외하고는, 제조예 1과 동일한 방법에 의해 표면미처리된 탄소섬유를 수득하였다.

	pH	산가(meq/g)	염기가(meq/g)	O1S/C1S
제조예 1	6.32	35.1 ± 0.3	24.1 ± 0.2	0.185
제조예 2	6.00	34.3 ± 0.2	31.1 ± 0.1	0.186
제조예 3	4.74	64.2 ± 0.2	35.1 ± 0.1	0.285
제조예 4	5.05	46.5 ± 0.1	30.1 ± 0.2	0.201
비교제조예 1	6.39	15.1 ± 0.1	20.2 ± 0.2	0.179

상기 표 1로부터, 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유를 이용하여 제조된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료(제조예 1 내지 4)는, 표면처리되지 않은 탄소섬유를 이용한 복합재료(비교제조예 1)에 비해 산가 또는 염기가가 증가되었으며, 이로부터 고분자 수지인 염기성 에폭시 수지와의 산·염기 상호작용으로 인해 결합력이 증가됨을 알 수 있다.

실시예 1

에폭시 수지와 경화제로서의 디아미노디페닐메탄(DDM)을 1 : 1의 당량비로 혼합하여 70℃에서 용해시킨 후, 여기에 메틸에틸케톤(methylethyl ketone) 20 중량%를 첨가하여 교반시켰다. 이 혼합물을 상온까지 냉각시킨 후, 드럼 와인딩(drum winding)을 이용하여 상기 제조예 1에서 수득된 오존 처리된 탄소섬유에 함침시켜 프리프레그(prepreg)를 제조하였다. 이렇게 수득된 프리프레그를 22 층(plies)으로 균일하게 적층하고, 진공백몰딩(vacuum bag molding)법을 이용하여 150℃에서 7.4 MPa의 압력으로 150분 동안 경화시켜 섬유 체적비가 50 ± 2 %인 복합재료를 제조하였다.

실시예 2 내지 4

제조예 2 내지 4에서 수득된 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유를 사용한 것을 제외하고는, 실시예 1과 동일한 방법에 의해 복합재료를 제조하였다.

비교예 1

비교제조예 1에서 수득된 표면미처리된 탄소섬유를 사용한 것을 제외하고는, 실시예 1과 동일한 방법에 의해 복합재료를 제조하였다.

상기 제조된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료를 이용하여 탄소섬유의 표면자유에너지, 층간전단강도(ILSS) 및 층간파괴인성(GIIC)으로 표시되는 기계적 특성을 측정하였으며 그 결과는 각각 도 3, 4 및 5에 나타내었다. 또한, 기존의 전기 화학적 방법 중 하나인 양극산화 방법에 따라 표면처리된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료를 이용하여 상기와 동일한 시험을 수행하여 그 결과를 나타내었다.

도 3, 4 및 5에서 보듯이, 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유를 사용한 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 표면자유에너지 및 기계적 특성이 향상되었음을 알 수 있다.

본 발명의 방법에 따라 오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유를 이용하여 제조된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료는, 표면처리되지 않은 탄소섬유를 이용하여 제조된 종래의 탄소섬유 복합재료에 비해 기계적 성질이 우수하므로, 첨단소재로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

Claims (5)

오존으로 표면처리된 탄소섬유에 고분자 수지 용액을 함침시키는 것을 포함하는, 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법.
제 1 항에 있어서,
탄소섬유 표면에 처리되는 오존의 농도가 1 내지 20 ㎎/ℓ임을 특징으로 하는 방법.
제1항에 있어서,
탄소섬유 표면의 오존 처리반응을 0.5 내지 200 분동안 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
제 1 항에 있어서,
탄소섬유가 일방향 탄소섬유임을 특징으로 하는 방법.
제 1 항에 있어서,
고분자 수지가 열경화성 수지임을 특징으로 하는 방법.

KR10-2003-0006590A 2003-02-03 2003-02-03 기계적 물성이 개선된 탄소섬유 강화 복합재료의 제조방법 KR100513960B1 (ko)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN102021678A (zh) *	2010-09-16	2011-04-20	中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所	一种碳纤维表面处理的方法
KR101285702B1 (ko) *	2012-09-03	2013-07-12	국방과학연구소	섬유강화 복합재료
KR20160116697A (ko) *	2015-03-31	2016-10-10	한국생산기술연구원	복합소재용 탄소 섬유웹의 제조방법

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KR101864512B1 (ko)	2016-12-20	2018-06-04	전인권	탄소섬유의 제조방법.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN102021678A (zh) *	2010-09-16	2011-04-20	中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所	一种碳纤维表面处理的方法
KR101285702B1 (ko) *	2012-09-03	2013-07-12	국방과학연구소	섬유강화 복합재료
KR20160116697A (ko) *	2015-03-31	2016-10-10	한국생산기술연구원	복합소재용 탄소 섬유웹의 제조방법

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